Haryana, a landlocked state in northern India, experiences a diverse climate influenced by its geographical location and topography. Characterized by a subtropical, semi-arid to sub-humid, continental climate with a monsoon pattern, Haryana's weather can be classified into distinct seasons:
Seasonal Variations
Summer (March to June): Haryana experiences scorching summers with temperatures soaring up to 46C (113F) in May and June. The heat is often exacerbated by dry winds called 'loo', which can cause heatstroke.
Monsoon (July to September): The monsoon season brings much-needed relief from the heat, with average rainfall ranging from 350 to 700 mm. Most of the annual rainfall occurs during this period, vital for agriculture.
Post-Monsoon (October to November): This transitional period sees a gradual decrease in temperature and humidity. It is generally pleasant with clear skies.
Winter (December to February): Winters in Haryana are mild with temperatures occasionally dropping below freezing. The coldest months are December and January, with average temperatures ranging from 3C to 9C (37F to 48F).
Regional Variations
While the general climate pattern holds true across Haryana, there are regional variations:
Shivalik Hills: The northeastern part of the state, bordering the Shivalik Hills, experiences higher rainfall and more moderate temperatures due to its elevation and proximity to the Himalayas.
Aravalli Hills: The southwestern region, influenced by the Aravalli Hills, is drier and hotter with less rainfall.
Central Plains: The central plains experience the typical semi-arid climate with extreme temperatures and moderate rainfall.
Factors Influencing Climate
Several factors contribute to Haryana's climate and weather patterns:
Latitude: Haryana's location between 2737' to 3035' North latitude places it in the subtropical zone, leading to hot summers and mild winters.
Altitude: The state's altitude ranges from 700 to 3600 feet above sea level, influencing temperature variations. Higher altitude areas experience cooler temperatures.
Distance from the Sea: As a landlocked state, Haryana experiences a continental climate with greater temperature extremes compared to coastal regions.
Monsoon Winds: The southwest monsoon winds bring rainfall to Haryana during the summer months, vital for agriculture and water resources.
Western Disturbances: These extra-tropical storms, originating in the Mediterranean region, bring winter rainfall to Haryana, which is crucial for rabi crops.
Impact of Climate Change
Haryana is experiencing the effects of climate change, with increasing temperatures, erratic rainfall patterns, and more frequent extreme weather events. These changes pose significant challenges to agriculture, water resources, and overall human well-being.
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