Management and Administration

 BEHAVIOR : LEARNING AND MOTIVATION     Classification and types of motives, Theories of work motivation, Assessment of motivation     A need or motive directs us to act or behave in a particular way towards a certain goal or in other terms “It indicates the inner state of mind that energizes, activates … Read more

 FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT – ORGANIZING   Organizing is the process of identification and grouping of activities, assigning duties and delegating authority to the managers, allocating necessary resources and establishing coordination among individuals and department of an organization with a view to attain its objectives.   PROCESS OF ORGANIZING :   The process of … Read more

 BEHAVIOR   MEETING LIFE CHALLENGES : STRESS   Stress: – The pattern of responses an organism makes to stimulus event that disturbs the equilibrium and exceeds a person’s ability to cope.   NATURE OF STRESS   Stress is not a factor that resides in the individual or the environment, instead it is embedded … Read more

       BEHAVIOUR   INTELLIGENCE (Cognitive; Emotional; Social; Cultural; Multiple)     Cognitive Intelligence   Cognition: Mentally processing information (images, concepts, etc.); thinking Intelligence: It is the ability to process data into more efficient systems by acquiring learned substantive mental methods which develops into cognitive ability.   Cognitive intelligence is the ability … Read more

 FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT – DECISION MAKING   Concept and meaning   Decision making is the process of identifying and selecting a course of action to solve a specific problem.   Decision making involves the selection of a course of action from among two or more possible alternatives in order to arrive at a … Read more

 FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT   PLANNING Planning is a process of determination of organization’s objectives and selecting the courses of actions. i.e. Plans for attaining them. Planning is the primary or basic management function.   Planning Process                                 Types/Dimensions … Read more

       BEHAVIOUR   INTELLIGENCE (Cognitive; Emotional; Social; Cultural; Multiple)     Cognitive Intelligence   Cognition: Mentally processing information (images, concepts, etc.); thinking Intelligence: It is the ability to process data into more efficient systems by acquiring learned substantive mental methods which develops into cognitive ability.   Cognitive intelligence is the ability … Read more

 Decision making under uncertainty The area of choice under uncertainty represents the heart of decision theory. Known from the 17th century (Blaise Pascal invoked it in his famous wager, which is contained in his Pensées, published in 1670), the idea of expected value is that, when faced with a number of actions, each of which could give rise … Read more

 WORKING CAPITAL                                             Meaning of Working Capital Every business needs funds for two purposes for its establishment and to carry out its day-to-day operations. Capital required for a business can be classified under two main categories viz. (i)        Fixed capital (ii)      Working capital. Long-term funds are required to create production facilities through … Read more

 FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT   PLANNING Planning is a process of determination of organization’s objectives and selecting the courses of actions. i.e. Plans for attaining them. Planning is the primary or basic management function.   Planning Process                                 Types/Dimensions … Read more