Geography

The plains are often termed as the ‘Granary of India’. The soils of the plains are one ofthe most fertile soils of India. They are being devoted to cereal and non – cereal crops. They have rich underground water table. The underground water is utilized with thehelp of wells and tube wells for irrigation, industrial … Read more

The continental shelf is the extended margin of each continent occupied byrelatively shallow seas and gulfs. It is the shallowest part of the ocean showing anaverage gradient of 1° or even less.The width of the continental shelves vary from one ocean to another. The average widthof continental shelves is about 80 km. Significance of Continental … Read more

National Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana (HRIDAY) is focused on holistic development of heritage cities.  The main objective of HRIDAY is to preserve character of the soul of heritage city and facilitate inclusive heritage linked urban development in partnership with State Government. The duration of HRIDAY schemes would be Four Years starting from December … Read more

Endogenic forces are the internal forces which are responsible for the formation of newundulations on the surface of the earth. Since they create new landforms they are also knownas the Forces of Construction.They are the result of the convectional currents formed in the mantle. The source of this heatis the primordial heat of the interior … Read more

“Jig saw” fit- Wegener was struck by the geographical similarity between the opposite coasts ofthe Atlantic Ocean. The outlines of the two coasts appears to be the detached portion of theother ie. The east coast of north and South America can be exactly fit into the left coast ofAfrica and Europe. Geological structure- there is … Read more

Crust: The outer most layer or shell of the earth is known as earth’s crust. On an average it is 30km deep. It can be up to 70km under high mountains and up to 8km under ocean. It represents less than 1% of earth’s total volume and its average density is 2.7 gm/cm3. It is … Read more

Heavy industry relates to a type of business that typically carries a high capital cost (capital-intensive), high barriers to entry and low transportability. The term “heavy” refers to the fact that the items produced by “heavy industry” used to be products such as iron, coal, oil, ships, etc. Location factors are as follows: Availability of raw material … Read more

Social Forestry means the management and protection of forests as well as afforestation of barren lands with purpose of helping in the environmental, Social and rural development. Social forestry is forestry for community development. Thus, it is people oriented, value based management of forests with a major objective of satisfying the needs, wants and aspirations of … Read more

Tertiary coal 15 to 60 million years old. Carbon content is very low.Mainly confined to the extra-Peninsula [Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh etc.]Coal generally has low carbon and high percentage of moisture and Sulphur.It takes few hundred million years for the carbon content to improve.Important areas of Tertiary coal include parts of … Read more

Gondwana coal makes up to 98 per cent of the total reserves and 99 per cent of the production of coal in India. Satpuras, denudation [weathering + erosion] has exposed coal bearing Gondwana strata.The carbon content in Gondwana coal [250 million years old] is less compared to the  Carboniferous coal [350 million years old][Almost Absent in India] because of its much … Read more